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substantive law
Substantive law is the statutory, or written law, that defines rights and duties, such as crimes and punishments (in the criminal law), civil rights and responsibilities in civil law. It is codified in legislated statutes or can be enacted through the initiative process.
Substantive law stands in contrast to procedural law, which is the "machinery" for enforcing those rights and duties. Procedural law comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings, as well as the method and means by which substantive law is made and administered.
However, the way to this clear differentiation between substantive law and, serving the substantive law, procedural law has been long, since in the Roman civil procedure the ''actio'' included both substantive and procedural elements (see procedural law). 〔Reed, Shedd, Corley, and Morehead, ''The Legal and Regulatory Environment of Business''.〕
==Notes and references==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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